5、句型。这类错误主要涉及:        
        ①动词句型        
        主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如:find it neccessary to do th,spend sometime(in)doing sth,make sb.do sth.,leave sth.to sb.,be seen to do/doing sth.等。         
        ②传统句型        
        即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:         
        a)省略句型。如        
        While watch TV,they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire! Fire!”(watch→watching)        
        b)动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:This is no good arguing with him.(This→It)        
        We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.(that→it)         
        在复合宾语中,有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语,但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如:        
        The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.(to make→making)         
        Know only the rules is not enough.(Knows→Knowing或To know)         
        6.语气、语态、时态        
        这类错误在数量上所占比例极少,主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。         
        四)、近形近义类错误        
        1、近形        
        主要指在拼写上容易混淆的
单词。如:        
        adapt-adopt,crash -crush,confirm -conform,desert -dessert,formal -former,ingenious -ingenuous,instance -instant,personal -personnel,principal -principle,stationary -stationery等。         
        2、近义        
        主要指词义概念相近的词。如:        
        besides -except,doubt -suspect,discover -invent,efficient -effective,noise -
voice                3、近形近义        
        主要指词义概念和拼写上都容易相混的
单词。这类错误比近形或近义较多见,相对难度也略大,这样的
单词有:        
        across-cross,affect-effect,econimic-economical,emigrate-immigrate,historic-historical,continual-continuous,assure-ensure-insure-sure,late -later -lately -latest -latter,medical -medicinal,rise -arise -raise -arouse,technique -technology等。         
        五)、其他语法方面的错误        
        1、词性        
        涉及:①名词与动词的误用。如:approval——approve,sale——sell         
        ②名词与形容词的误用。如:medicine——medical/ medicinal,emotion——emotional        
        ③形容词与副词的误用。如:high——highly,mere——merely        
        这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。如:feel badly→feel bad,grow uneasily→grow uneasy        
        2、代词        
        代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一,几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及:        
        ①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。         
        ②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用。        
        ③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如:
        find this important to preview the lesson(这里的this应改为形式宾语it)。         
        ④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用,如somone /sombody、everyone /everybody被误用作复数指代;some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。        
        3、名词的数        
        这类错误主要涉及:        
        ①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆;
        ②需用复数时误用单数;
        ③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如:find a work→find a job,these phenomenon→these phenomena        
        4、冠词        
        主要为:
        ①该用冠词时漏用;
        ②不该用冠词时赘用;
        ③the与a/an误用;
        ④a与an混用。如:tell truth→tell the truth,give a rise to→give rise to        
        5、主谓一致        
        这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中,要特别小心。常见以下几种情况:        
        ①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:        
        The child,being taken care of by its grandparents,are deaf and mute.(are→is)        
        ②倒装句:        
        Standing in a line along the corridor is3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.(is→are)         
        ③定语从句:        
        The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.(were→was)         
        ④特殊句型:        
        There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.(第一个are→is)         
        6、形容词、副词及其比较级        
        形容词和副词的错误设计主要为:①两者的词性混淆;②比较级错误。前者已在前面词性部分论及,后者主要涉及比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。
 
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