重点讲解：
1. a total of 总数；总额；合计；
You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65.
你笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。
2. apply for 申请；请求；
He has to apply for a permit and we have to find him a job.
他得申请一个许可证，而我们得给他找份工作。
3. take effect 开始实施；生效；
The agreement takes effect right after it is signed.
协议一经签字立即生效。
4. be known as 称为；叫做；
The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy.
这种药通常称作摇头丸。
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