as a whole 总体上
The rich benefited from the reforms, not the country as a whole.
富人而不是全体国民得益于这些改革。
2. By the end of next year, only a quarter of the fund will have been disbursed.
by the end of 在…尽头
The way things are going the company will be bankrupt by the end of the year.
从事态发展的情况看，到年底公司就得破产。
