名人教英文:主动和被动语态的误区
active voice(主动语态)和passive voice(被动语态)的分别不难明白,但要使用得当,并非那么容易。
active voice句子的主语是「行动者」,宾语是「受动者」。将主语换成「受动者」,宾语换成「行动者」,就变成passive voice。例如:
?active voice:john (行动者) wrote (动词) the article (受动者).
?passive voice:the article (受动者) was written (be +过去分词) by john (by +行动者).
有时passive voice句子会略去「by +行动者」。
现代英语以简洁直接为上,一般来说用active voice较佳,至于使用passive voice的情况包括:
1. 突出「受动者」
professor chan is greatly respected by his students.(句子重点是陈教授。)
2. 不知道「行动者」,或「行动者」并不重要
the stadium was built for the olympics.(建造者不详或不重要,故被略去。)