The government's Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act was introduced in the Canadian Senate on Wednesday.
In an online statement, the Immigration Minister Chris Alexander said the bill sends "a strong message: early and forced marriages, honor-based violence, & polygamy will not be tolerated in (Canada)."
If Parliament approves the bill, it would create a provision in the country's immigration laws that would allow authorities to deport temporary and permanent residents who practice polygamy in Canada - without the need for a criminal conviction.
Alexander said there are at least hundreds of immigration cases that could be affected by the law.
The proposed legislation would also ban forced marriages, set a minimum age for marriage at 16 and limit possible defenses in "honor" killings and many spousal murders.